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  ++ [Æß] ORACLE SQL ÇÔ¼ö Á¤¸®.  -  2005/09/20 19:53



¡Ú. ÁýÇÕ Äõ¸®ÀÇ Á¾·ù                                                                                                          


 

union : ÇÕÁýÇÕ
union all : °øÅë¿ø¼Ò µÎ¹ø¾¿ ´Ù Æ÷ÇÔÇÑ ÇÕÁýÇÕ
intersect : ±³ÁýÇÕ
minus : Â÷ÁýÇÕ

 

¿¹>

a={1,3,5,7}  b={1,2,3,4}
a union b = {1,2,3,4,5,7}
a union all b = {1,1,2,3,3,4,5,7}
a intersect b = {1,3}
a minus b = {2,5,7}

 

Union
SQL> select * from sawon where sajob ='°úÀå' union select * from sawon where sajob in('°úÀå','´ë¸®');

 

union À» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î Á¿ìÀÇ ¼±Åñ¸¹®À» ¸ðµÎ ÇÕÇÑÁ¶°Ç¹®

(´Ü, Áߺ¹µÇ´Â Çʵ尡 ÀÖ´Â °æ¿ìÀÇ ·¹ÄÚµå´Â »­)

 

ÇÕÁýÇÕ
SQL> select * from sawon where sajob ='°úÀå' union all select  * from sawon where sajob in('°úÀå','´ë¸®');

 

union all À» ±âÁØÀ¸·Î Á¿ìÀÇ ¼±Åñ¸¹®À» ¸ðµÎ ÇÕÇÑ Á¶°Ç¹®Àε¥, À§ÀÇ union ¸¸ ¾´°æ¿ì¿Í´Â ´Þ¸® Áߺ¹µÇ´Â Çʵ尡 Àִ°æ¿ì¿¡µµ ¸ðµç ·¹Å©µå¸¦ ºÒ·¯¿È

 

±³ÁýÇÕ
SQL>  select * from sawon where sajob ='°úÀå' intersect select  * from sawon where sajob in('°úÀå','´ë¸®');

 

intersect ¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î Á¿ìÀÇ ¼±Åù®Áß Áߺ¹µÇ´Â ÀڷḸ ºÒ·¯¿È

 

Â÷ÁýÇÕ
SQL>  select * from sawon where sajob ='°úÀå' minus select  * from sawon where sajob in('°úÀå','´ë¸®');

 

minus ¸¦ ±âÁØÀ¸·Î Áߺ¹µÇ´Â ÀڷḦ »« ³ª¸ÓÁö ÀڷḸ ºÒ·¯¿È

 

 

¡Ú. ¹®ÀÚ¿­Ã³¸®ÇÔ¼ö                                                                                                            


 


1 . CONCAT( column1|expression1 ,column2|expression2 ) 
    


     CONCAT('Good','String') --> GoodString : ||¿Í °°Àº ¿ªÇÒÀ» ÇÑ´Ù. 



      SELECT CONCAT(pj_cd, pj_nm) FROM tpd01m;


 


2 . SUBSTR(column|expression, m [,n]) : m°ªÀÌ À½¼ö¸é ¹®ÀÚ°ªÀÇ ³¡ºÎÅÍ..)

    SUBSTR('String',1,3) --> Str : 1¹ø°ºÎÅÍ 3°³ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ¸®ÅÏÇÑ´Ù.


    SELECT SUBSTR(pj_cd, 3, 3) FROMtpd01m;


 


3. INITCAP( column|expression )

    INITCAP('string') --> String : ù±ÛÀÚ¸¸ ´ë¹®ÀÚÀÌ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö±ÛÀÚ´Â ¼Ò¹®ÀÚ·Î º¯È¯ 


    SELECT INITCAP(pj_cd) FROM tpd01m;


 


4. SUBSTRB(column|expression, m [,n]) : m°ªÀÌ À½¼ö¸é ¹®ÀÚ°ªÀÇ ³¡ºÎÅÍ..)

   SUBSTRB('String',1,3) --> Str : 1¹ø°ºÎÅÍ 3°³ÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¸¦ ¸®ÅÏÇÑ´Ù


   substr ±ÛÀÚ±âÁØ
   substrb ¹ÙÀÌÆ®±âÁØ
   ¿¹) col="¿ì¸®³ª¶ó"

   substr(col,1,2)   --> ¿ì¸® 
   substrb(col,1,2) --> ¿ì



   SELECT SUBSTRB(pj_cd, -3, 3) FROM  tpd01m;


 


5.UPPER( column|expression )

   UPPER('String') --> STRING : ´ë¹®ÀÚ·Î º¯È¯ 


   SELECT UPPER(pj_cd) FROM tpd01m;


 


6.LOWER( column|expression )

   LOWER('String') --> string : ¼Ò¹®ÀÚ·Î º¯È¯


   SELECT LOWER(pj_cd) FROM tpd01m;    


 


7. LPAD( column|expression,n,'string' ) : n Àº Àüü ±æÀÌ

    LPAD('String',10,'*') --> ****String

   : 10ÀÚ¸®¼öÁß¿¡ ¸ðÀÚ¶õ ÀÚ¸®¼ö¸¦ '*'·Î ¿ÞÂÊ¿¡ ä¿î´Ù.(¹®ÀÚ,¼ýÀÚ °¡´É!!!) 

         


    SELECT LPAD(pj_cd, 20, '*') FROM tpd01m;


 


8. RPAD('String',10,'*') --> String****

: 10ÀÚ¸®¼öÁß¿¡ ¸ðÀÚ¶õ ÀÚ¸®¼ö¸¦ '*'·Î ¿À¸¥ÂÊ¿¡ ä¿î´Ù.(¹®ÀÚ,¼ýÀÚ °¡´É!!!)


   SELECT RPAD(pj_cd, 20, '&') FROM tpd01m;


9. LENGTH( column|expression )

    LENGTH('String') --> 6 : ¹®ÀÚ¿­ÀÇ ±æÀ̸¦ ¸®ÅÏÇÑ´Ù.


   SELECT LENGTH(pj_cd) from tpd01m;


10. REPLACE(column | 0 , 'r')   L01102 => Lr11r2


  


   SELECT REPLACE(pj_cd, 0, '^^') FROM tpd01m; --´ë¼Ò¹®ÀÚ ±¸ºÐ


11. INSTR( column|expression )

     INSTR('String','r') --> 3 : ¹®ÀÚ¿­¿¡ 'r'ÀÌ ¸î¹ø° À§Ä¡ÇÏ°í ÀÖ³ª¸¦ (¼ýÀÚ)¸®ÅÏÇÑ´Ù.


     SELECT INSTR(pj_cd, 0) FROM tpd01m;


 


 


12 .  LTRIM(' String') --> 'String' : ¹®ÀÚ¿­ÀÇ ¿ÞÂÊ °ø¹éÀ» ¹ö¸°´Ù.


 


13. RTRIM('String ') --> 'String' : ¹®ÀÚ·ÉÀÇ ¿À¸¥ÂÊ °ø¹éÀ» ¹ö¸°´Ù.

     * TRIM(leading/tailing/both, trim_character FROM trim_source )

     TRIM( 'S' FROM 'SSMITH') --> MITH


 


¡Ú. ¼ýÀÚ Ã³¸®ÇÔ¼ö                                                                                                                   





1. ROUND(45.926, 2) --> 45.93 : ¼Ò¼öÁ¡ µÎÀÚ¸®¼ö±îÁö º¸¿©Áָ鼭 ¹Ý¿Ã¸²ÇÑ´Ù. 

2. TRUNC(45.926, 2) --> 45.92 : ¼Ò¼öÁ¡ µÎÀÚ¸®±îÁö¸¸ º¸¿©ÁÖ°í ³ª¸ÓÁö´Â ¹ö¸°´Ù. 

3. MOD(1600,300) --> 100 : 1600À» 300À¸·Î ³ª´©°í ³ª¸ÓÁö¸¦ ¸®ÅÏÇÑ´Ù.

* ROUND¿¹Á¦(WHOLE NUMBER:Á¤¼ö)

SELECT ROUND(45.923,2), ROUND(45.923,0), ROUND(45.923,-1) FROM DUAL

==> 45.92 46 50

* TRUNC¿¹Á¦

SELECT TRUNC(45.923,2), TRUNC(45.923), TRUNC(45.923,-1) FROM DUAL

==> 45.92 45(nÀÌ »ý·«µÈ¸é ÀÏÀÇ ÀÚ¸®±îÁö ³²±â°í ¹ö¸°´Ù.) 40

* SYSTEM ³¯Â¥¸¦ °®°í ¿À´Â ¹æ¹ý.

SELECT sysdate FROM dual


 


 


¡Ú.  Date                                                                                                


Date °è»ê( ³¯Â¥¸¦ ¼ýÀÚ·Î ÀúÀå)
date + number : date¿¡ number¸¸Å­ ÈÄÀÇ ³¯ÀÚ¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

date - number : date¿¡ number¸¸Å­ ÀüÀÇ ³¯ÀÚ¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

date1 - date2 : date1¿¡¼­ date2 ±îÁöÀÇ ÃÑ Àϼö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.( date1+date2´Â X )

date1 + ¼ýÀÚ/24 : date1¿¡¼­ ½Ã°£À» ´õÇØ ³¯Â¥¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.


Date Functions

MONTHS_BETWEEN('01-SEP-95','11-JAN-94') --> 19.6774194

; µÎ³¯Â¥ »çÀÌÀÇ ´Þ¼ö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

ADD_MONTHS('11-JAN-94', 6) --> 11-JUL-94

; ³¯Â¥¿¡ 6°³¿ùÀ» ´õÇÑ ³¯ÀÚ¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

NEXT_DAY('01-SEP-95','FRIDAY') --> '08-SEP-95'

; ÇØ´çÀÏ ´ÙÀ½¿¡ ¿À´Â FRIDAYÀÇ ÀÏÀÚ¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

('SUNDAY'´Â 1, 'MONDAY'´Â 2...ÀÌ·±½ÄÀ¸·Î ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ½áÁ൵ µÈ´Ù.)

LAST_DAY('01-SEP-95') --> '30-SEP-95'

; ÇØ´ç¿ùÀÇ ¸¶Áö¸·³¯ÀÚ¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

ROUND('25-JUL-95','MONTH')--> 01-AUG-95


 


ROUND('25-JUL-95','YEAR')--> 01-JAN-96

TRUNC('25-JUL-95','MONTH') --> 01-JUL-95


 


TRUNC('25-JUL-95','YEAR') --> 01-JAN-95


 


¡Ú.  Conversion Functions                                                                                                          



nlsparams : ½ÊÁø¼ö, ±×·ì±¸ºÐÀÚ, Áö¿ª ÅëÈ­ ±âÈ£, ±¹Á¦ ÅëÈ­ ±âÈ£

TO_CHAR(date,['format'],[nlsparams]) : date¸¦ format¿¡ ¸Â°Ô ¹®ÀÚ¿­·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.

- Date Format Elements

YYYY --> 1999 (³âÃâ·Â) , YEAR --> nineteen ninety-nine (³âÃâ·Â)

MM --> 12 (¿ùÃâ·Â) , MONTH --> DECEMBER (¿ùÃâ·Â), MON --> DEC

D --> ¿äÀÏÀ» ¼ýÀÚ·Î ¸®ÅÏÇÑ´Ù.(ÀÏ¿äÀÏÀº 1, ¿ù¿äÀÏÀº 2...)

DD --> 07 (´ÞÀÇ ÀÏÃâ·Â)

DDD --> 200 (¿¬ÀÇ ÀÏÃâ·Â)±× ÇØÀÇ ÃÑ ¸î ÀÏ°Àΰ¡¸¦ ¸®ÅÏÇÑ´Ù.

DAY --> MONDAY (¿äÀÏÃâ·Â) DY-->MON

CC --> 20 (¸î ¼¼±âÀÎÁö¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.)

WW --> ±× ÇØÀÇ ¸î ¹ø° ÁÖÀΰ¡¸¦ ¸®ÅÏÇÑ´Ù.

W --> ±× ´ÞÀÇ ¸î ¹ø° ÁÖÀΰ¡¸¦ ¸®ÅÏÇÑ´Ù.



* ElementµéÀ» ¼Ò¹®ÀÚ·Î ¾²¸é ¼Ò¹®ÀÚ·Î ³ª¿À°í ´ë¹®ÀÚ·Î ¾²¸é ´ë¹®ÀÚ·Î Ãâ·ÂµÈ´Ù.

HH or HH12 or HH24 / MI(0-59ºÐ) / SS(0-59ÃÊ)



* ¹®ÀÚ¿­Àº " " ¹­¾î Ãß°¡ÇÑ´Ù DD " of " MONTH --> 12 of DECEMBER

*¼ýÀÚ Á¢¹Ì¾î´Â ¼ýÀÚ¸¦ ¹®ÀڷΠǥ±â. TH(4->4TH)/ SP(4->FOUR)/ SPTH or THSP(4->FOURTH)

ddspth : 14-> fothteenth

* / . , : ±¸µÎÁ¡Àº °á°ú¿¡ ±×´ë·Î Ãâ·ÂÇÑ´Ù. * °ø¹é, ¼±ÇàÁ¦·Î¸¦ Á¦°ÅÇÏ´Â fm¿ä¼Ò°¡ ÀÖ´Ù.

TO_CHAR(number,'format',[nlsparams]) : number¸¦ format¿¡ ¸Â°Ô ¹®ÀÚ¿­·Î º¯È¯ÇÑ´Ù.




- Number Format Elements

9 : 999,999 --> 1,234 $: ºÎµ¿ ´Þ·¯ ±âÈ£ $99999 -> $1234

0 : 099999 --> 001234 99.999EEEE -> 1.234E+03 B: 0°ªÀ» °ø¹éÀ¸·Î

L : L99,999 --> FF1,234 (NLS_CURRENCY¿¡ ¼³Á¤µÇ¾îÀÖ´Â °ªÀÌ L·Î º¸¿©Áø´Ù.)



TO_NUMBER(char,['format'],[nlsparams]) : ¼ýÀÚÇüÅÂÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿­À» ¼ýÀÚ·Î º¯ÇÑÇÑ´Ù.

TO_DATE(char,['format'],[nlsparams]):³¯ÀÚÇüÅÂÀÇ ¹®ÀÚ¿­À» format¿¡ ¸Â°Ô ³¯ÀÚÇü½ÄÀ¸·Î º¯È¯ ÇÑ´Ù.



¡Ú. NVL Funcion : °ªÀÌ nullÀÏ ¶§ ¼³Á¤°ªÀ» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.                                                                                        



NVL(number_column, 0) : nullÀÏ ¶§ 0À» º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

NVL(date_column, '01-JAN-95') : nullÀÏ ¶§ '01-JAN-95'¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.

NVL(character_column, 'Empty') : nullÀÏ ¶§ 'Empty'¸¦ º¸¿©ÁØ´Ù.


* column Type°ú Ç¥Çö½ÄÀÇ typeÀÌ ¹Ýµå½Ã ÀÏÄ¡ÇØ¾ß ÇÑ´Ù.



¡Ú. DECODE Function : CASE or IF-THEN-ELSE Çü½Ä°ú ºñ½ÁÇÏ´Ù.                                                       



*DECODE(col/expression, search1, result1 [,search2,result2,¡¦] [,default])

F1 (F2 (F3 (col,arg1),arg2),arg3)



-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


¿¹Á¦


-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


/** ÇÔ¼ö - Number Function **/


--¹«Á¶°Ç ¿Ã¸²
SELECT CEIL(13.11) FROM DUAL;
SELECT CEIL(13.001) FROM DUAL;


--³ª¸ÓÁö ±¸ÇÔ
SELECT MOD(23, 5) FROM DUAL;
SELECT MOD(57, 145) FROM DUAL;


-- Á¦°ö½Â
SELECT POWER(3, 2), POWER(3, -2) FROM DUAL;
SELECT POWER(2, 10) FROM DUAL;


--ÀÚ¸´¼ö ÁöÁ¤
SELECT ROUND(345.123, 0) FROM DUAL;
SELECT ROUND(345.123, 2), ROUND(345.123, -1) FROM DUAL;


--ÁöÁ¤µÈ ÀÚ¸®±îÁö À߶󳻱â
SELECT TRUNC(345.123, 1), TRUNC(345.123, 0), TRUNC(345.123, -1) FROM DUAL;
SELECT TRUNC( 345.123 + 0.09, 1 ) FROM DUAL;
SELECT TRUNC( 345.123 + 0.9, 0 ) FROM DUAL;
SELECT TRUNC( 345.123 + 9, -1 ) FROM DUAL;


SELECT SIGN(5.989), SIGN(0), SIGN(-999.098) FROM DUAL;


 


/** ÇÔ¼ö - Character Function **/


--ƯÁ¤CharacterÀÇ ¾Æ½ºÅ°°ª ±¸Çϱâ
SELECT CHR(65) "CHR", ASCII('A') "ASCII" FROM DUAL;



SELECT ASCII( CHR(65) ) FROM DUAL;


 


SELECT LOWER('My name is LKM') "LOWER", UPPER('My name is LKM') "UPPER" FROM DUAL;


 


SELECT LPAD('LKM', 10, '*') "LPAD", RPAD('LKM', 10, '*') "RPAD" FROM DUAL;



SELECT LPAD('1234567890', 20, '+') || RPAD('1234567890', 20, '^') "12345678901234567890"
  FROM DUAL;



SELECT LPAD('1,234,567', 30, ' ') "LPAD»ç¿ëÀ¸·Î 30ÀÚ¸® ¸ÂÃã",
       '1,234,567'                "´Ü¼ø¹®ÀÚ »ç¿ë",
       1234567                    "´Ü¼ø¼ýÀÚ »ç¿ë"
  FROM DUAL;


 


SELECT LTRIM('     AAA     ') "LTRIM", RTRIM('     AAA     ') "RTRIM" FROM DUAL;



SELECT LTRIM( RTRIM( '     A A A     ' ) ) "TRIM" FROM DUAL;


 


SELECT REPLACE('ORACLE', 'A', 'BBB') "REPLACE" FROM DUAL;



SELECT EMP_NAME, REPLACE(EMP_NAME, 'ÀÌ', '¹Ú') "ÀÌ->¹Ú"
  FROM PERSONNEL
 WHERE EMP_NAME LIKE 'ÀÌ%';


 


SELECT SUBSTR('ORACLE PROJECT', 1, 3) SUBSTR1,
             SUBSTR('ORACLE PROJECT', 4, 5) SUBSTR2,
             SUBSTR('ORACLE PROJECT', 10)   SUBSTR3 FROM DUAL ;



SELECT SUBSTRB('ORACLE PROJECT', 1, 3) SUBSTRB1,
             SUBSTRB('ORACLE PROJECT', 4, 5) SUBSTRB2,
             SUBSTRB('ORACLE PROJECT', 10)   SUBSTRB3 FROM DUAL ;



SELECT SUBSTR('¿À¶óŬ PROJECT', 1, 3) SUBSTR1,
             SUBSTR('¿À¶óŬ PROJECT', 4, 5) SUBSTR2,
             SUBSTR('¿À¶óŬ PROJECT', 10)   SUBSTR3 FROM DUAL ;



SELECT SUBSTRB('¿À¶óŬ PROJECT', 1, 3) SUBSTRB1,
             SUBSTRB('¿À¶óŬ PROJECT', 4, 5) SUBSTRB2,
             SUBSTRB('¿À¶óŬ PROJECT', 10)   SUBSTRB3 FROM DUAL ;


 


SELECT LENGTH ('ORACLE PROJECT') "LENGTH",
             LENGTHB('ORACLE PROJECT') "LENGTHB",
  FROM DUAL;



SELECT EMPNO, LENGTH (EMPNO), LENGTHB(EMPNO),
       EMP_NAME, LENGTH (EMP_NAME), LENGTHB(EMP_NAME)
  FROM PERSONNEL
 WHERE EMPNO > '98102';



SELECT HOBBY, LENGTH (HOBBY), LENGTHB(HOBBY)
  FROM PERSONNEL
 WHERE EMPNO > '98102';


 


SELECT INSTR ('ORACLE PROJECT', 'R', 1, 1)  INSTR1,
             INSTR ('ORACLE PROJECT', 'R', 1, 2)  INSTR2,
             INSTR ('ORACLE PROJECT', 'R', 1, 3)  INSTR3
  FROM DUAL;



SELECT INSTR ('CORPORATE FLOOR','OR', 3, 2)  INSTR ,
             INSTRB ('CORPORATE FLOOR','OR', 3, 2)  INSTRB 
  FROM DUAL;



SELECT HOBBY, 
       INSTR (HOBBY, ')', 1, 1) INSTR,
       INSTRB (HOBBY, ')', 1, 1) INSTRB
  FROM PERSONNEL
 WHERE EMPNO > '98102';


 


/** ÇÔ¼ö - Date Function **/



SELECT SYSDATE FROM DUAL;



SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') "SYSDATE" FROM DUAL;


 


SELECT LAST_DAY(SYSDATE) FROM DUAL;



SELECT TO_CHAR(LAST_DAY(SYSDATE), 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS') "LAST_DAY" FROM DUAL;


 


SELECT MONTHS_BETWEEN( '2002/01/13', '2002/05/13' ) "MONTHS_BETWEEN (-)",
       MONTHS_BETWEEN( '2002/01/13', '2001/11/13' ) "MONTHS_BETWEEN (+)"
  FROM DUAL ;



SELECT MONTHS_BETWEEN( '2002/01/13', '2002/01/30' ) "MONTHS_BETWEEN (-)",
       MONTHS_BETWEEN( '2002/01/13', '2002/01/01' ) "MONTHS_BETWEEN (+)"
  FROM DUAL ;


 


SELECT ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE,  1) "ADD_MONTHS (+)",
      ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, -1) "ADD_MONTHS (-)"
  FROM DUAL ;


 


ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD';
SELECT ADD_MONTHS( '2002/02/28', 12 ) "1³âÈÄ",
             ADD_MONTHS( '2002/02/28', 24 ) "2³âÈÄ",
             ADD_MONTHS( '2002/02/28', 36 ) "3³âÈÄ"
  FROM DUAL ;


 


SELECT SYSDATE,
            NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE, 'ÀÏ¿äÀÏ') "NEXT_DAY 1",
            NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE, 1       ) "NEXT_DAY 2"
  FROM DUAL;



SELECT SYSDATE, 
       NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE, '¼ö¿äÀÏ') "NEXT_DAY 1",
       NEXT_DAY(SYSDATE, 4       ) "NEXT_DAY 2"
  FROM DUAL;


 


/** ÇÔ¼ö - Conversion Function **/



SELECT TO_CHAR(1234567.891)                    "TO_CHAR1",
             TO_CHAR(1234567.891, '999')             "TO_CHAR2",
             TO_CHAR(1234567.891, '9,999,999')       "TO_CHAR3",
             TO_CHAR(1234567.891, '0.0000')          "TO_CHAR5",
             TO_CHAR(1234567.891, '9,999,999.0000')  "TO_CHAR6",
             TO_CHAR(123, '9,999.00')                "TO_CHAR7",
             TO_CHAR(123, '9,999.99')                "TO_CHAR8"
  FROM DUAL ;



SELECT TO_CHAR(1234567.891, '9G999G999')       "TO_CHAR3",
             TO_CHAR(1234567.891, '0D0000')          "TO_CHAR5",
             TO_CHAR(1234567.891, '9G999G999D0000')  "TO_CHAR6",
             TO_CHAR(123, '9G999D00')                "TO_CHAR7",
             TO_CHAR(123, '9G999D99')                "TO_CHAR8"
  FROM DUAL ;


 


SELECT TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY-MM-DD') "TO_CHAR1",
             TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM')    "TO_CHAR2",
             TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY')       "TO_CHAR3",
             TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DD')         "TO_CHAR4",
             TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'DAY')        "TO_CHAR5",
             TO_CHAR(SYSDATE, 'YYYY/MM/DD HH24:MI:SS')                  "TO_CHAR6",
             TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('20020101','YYYYMMDD'), 'YYYY-MM-DD')      "TO_CHAR7",
             TO_CHAR(TO_DATE('20020101','YYYYMMDD'), 'YYYYMMDD HHMISS') "TO_CHAR8"
  FROM DUAL ;


 


SELECT TO_NUMBER('123456.9') "TO_NUMBER1",
             TO_NUMBER('1234567')  "TO_NUMBER2"
  FROM DUAL ;



SELECT TO_NUMBER('123,456.9', '999,999.9') "TO_NUMBER1",
             TO_NUMBER('1,234,567', '9G999G999')  "TO_NUMBER2"
  FROM DUAL ;


 


ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT = 'YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';
SELECT TO_DATE('20020824')                 "TO_DATE1",
             TO_DATE('2002-08-24')              "TO_DATE2",
             TO_DATE('200208')                    "TO_DATE3"
  FROM DUAL ;



SELECT TO_DATE('20020824', 'YYYYMMDD')     "TO_DATE1",
             TO_DATE('2002-08-24', 'YYYY-MM-DD') "TO_DATE2",
             TO_DATE('200208', 'YYYYMM')         "TO_DATE3"
  FROM DUAL ;



SELECT TO_DATE('2002/08/24 08:14:06', 'YYYY/MM/DD HH24:MI:SS')       "TO_DATE1",
             TO_DATE('2002/08/24 08:14:06 ¿ÀÈÄ', 'YYYY/MM/DD HH:MI:SS AM') "TO_DATE2"
  FROM DUAL ;


 


/** ÇÔ¼ö - Group Function **/



SELECT AVG(HEIGHT), AVG(WEIGHT) FROM PERSONNEL;


 


SELECT MAX(EMPNO), MAX(EMP_NAME), MIN(EMPNO), MIN(EMP_NAME) FROM PERSONNEL;



SELECT MAX(HEIGHT), MIN(HEIGHT) FROM PERSONNEL;


 


SELECT SUM(WEIGHT) FROM PERSONNEL;


 


SELECT COUNT(*), COUNT(EMPNO), COUNT(JIKCH_CODE) FROM PERSONNEL;


 


/** ÇÔ¼ö - ETC **/



SELECT EMPNO, EMP_NAME, HOBBY Ãë¹Ì, WELL Ư±â
  FROM PERSONNEL
 WHERE EMPNO BETWEEN '98001' AND '98005';



SELECT EMPNO, EMP_NAME, HOBBY Ãë¹Ì, NVL(WELL, '(¾ø´Ù)') Ư±â
  FROM PERSONNEL
 WHERE EMPNO BETWEEN '98001' AND '98005';


 


SELECT DECODE( '³ª', '³ª', '¸Â´Ù', '¾Æ´Ï´Ù' ) "³ª°¡ ³ª¸é ¸Â´Ù, ¾Æ´Ï¸é ¾Æ´Ï´Ù"
  FROM DUAL ;



SELECT DECODE( '³ª', '´ë¸í', '¾Æ´Ï´Ù',
                                      '³Ê'  , '¾Æ´Ï´Ù',
                                      '±×'  , '¾Æ´Ï´Ù',
                                      '³ª'  , '¸Â´Ù',
                                      '¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù' ) FROM DUAL ;



SELECT EMPNO,
       EMP_NAME, 
       DECODE(HT_CODE, '1', 'ÇöÀç¿ø', '2', 'ÈÞÁ÷', 'Åð»ç') HT_CODE
  FROM PERSONNEL
 WHERE EMPNO BETWEEN '98071' AND '98080';


 


SELECT GREATEST (132, 33, 45, 90, 60.77) GREATEST,
              LEAST    (132, 33, 45, 90, 60.77) LEAST
  FROM DUAL;



SELECT GREATEST ('ÀÌ°ø¸í', 'ÀÌ´ë¸í', 'ÃÖ¼ö¹Ì') GREATEST,
                 LEAST    ('ÀÌ°ø¸í', 'ÀÌ´ë¸í', 'ÃÖ¼ö¹Ì') LEAST
  FROM DUAL;


 


SELECT USERENV('LANGUAGE')  "LANGUAGE",
             USERENV('TERMINAL')  "TERMINAL",
             USERENV('SESSIONID') "SESSIONID"
  FROM DUAL;
 
SELECT UID, USER FROM DUAL;









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